The Valdarno is a geographical area of Tuscany that stretches between the Province of Arezzo and the Metropolitan City of Florence. This valley, traversed by the Arno River, is rich in history, culture, and picturesque landscapes.

Here are 10 must-visit places.

1. Gargonza Castle

Let’s start by exploring our characteristic village and castle, where you can spend an unforgettable stay. Gargonza is indeed a perfectly preserved medieval castle, located on a panoramic hill that offers guided tours, wine tastings, and typical product tastings, as well as events and weddings.

2. Vallombrosa Abbey

A millennium-old abbey immersed in a forest of firs, an important place of worship and spirituality that houses a library with precious ancient manuscripts. Founded in the 12th century, this abbey is nestled in the lush nature of the Casentino Forests National Park. In addition to the beauty of the building itself, visitors can enjoy wonderful walks in the surroundings and admire the tranquility of the place.

3. Santa Maria in Alpe Nature Reserve

An oasis of peace and unspoiled nature, ideal for walks, trekking, and picnics. The reserve is home to a rich variety of flora and fauna.

4. The city of Arezzo

Arezzo: a city rich in history and art, with a well-preserved medieval old town. Don’t miss the Santa Maria Parish, the Cathedral, and the Vasari House.

5. Ponticino

A medieval village located on the Arno River, famous for its Romanesque bridge and artisan shops. Ponticino is the ideal place for a stroll and to enjoy typical Tuscan cuisine.

6. The Masaccio Museum

Located in Arezzo, this museum houses works of art by the famous Renaissance painter Masaccio, who was originally from the Valdarno region. It is an ideal place for art lovers who want to learn more about the work of this important Renaissance master.

7. San Pietro a Gropina Parish Church

This Romanesque parish church is located near Loro Ciuffenna and represents one of the finest examples of medieval religious architecture in the area. The interior of the church is adorned with frescoes of great historical and artistic value.

8. The characteristic village of Loro Ciuffenna

Imagine a village where time seems to have stopped when water energy was still used. Here, at the foot of the Pratomagno, the Ciuffenna river still turns the blades of a mill built on a boulder. It is one of the oldest functioning water mills in Tuscany, and the only one remaining of the 14 mills along the river. Dating back to the year 1000, it is still used for the production of wheat, corn, and chestnut flours.

Loro Ciuffenna – one of the “Most Beautiful Villages in Italy” – revolves around this mill and the civic tower whose clock has marked the days of the locals for centuries. A stone Romanesque bridge, called the old bridge, connects the two banks of the river. A pleasant walk can be taken along the streets and walkways that run alongside the flowing water, with a familiar atmosphere in this small rural center surrounded by woods.

In summer, the particularly cool river water is a destination for many seeking relief from the heat.

9. The Pratomagno Park

This mountainous massif offers spectacular panoramic views of the Valdarno and the surrounding mountains. It is the ideal place for hiking and trekking enthusiasts, with a network of trails that wind through forests, alpine meadows, and ancient villages.

10. The cliffs of the Valdarno

Not everyone knows it, but there is a part of Tuscany that seems twinned with Arizona. In the upper Valdarno (particularly in the municipality of Reggello), there are rocky peaks, pinnacles that can reach heights of 100 meters, and deep gorges: the clayey rock formations known as the Cliffs of the Valdarno create unusual and fascinating views that you would expect to see on a journey to discover the Grand Canyon in the American parks.

Also called “smotte,” the cliffs in this area are a characteristic geotope and represent a natural spectacle that amazes anyone who witnesses it: Leonardo da Vinci was so fascinated by them that he captured the unique aspects of this landscape and used them as a backdrop for his most famous work, the Mona Lisa.

The Cliffs not only provide a spectacular scenic backdrop but also a habitat of unique naturalistic value protected by the Locally Protected Natural Area.

The Zolfina stream trail is one of the hiking trails that allows you to better admire the spectacle of the Cliffs. It is an easy loop route that starts and ends in one of the Most Beautiful Villages in Italy, Castelfranco di Sopra, and takes its name from a Zolfine water source touched by the route. The valley has the typical tones of the Tuscan countryside, with orchards and vineyards. Midway through the route, you will encounter a road that leads to the small and delightful hilltop village of Piantravigne.

In addition to these must-visit places, the Valdarno region offers many other attractions, such as medieval villages, Romanesque parish churches, castles, and villas. The area is also renowned for its production of Chianti wine and its typical cuisine.

The area of Arezzo is famous for the production of various types of products. Among these are olive oil, beans (Fagiolo Zolfino, Fagiolo Coco Nano, Fagiolo dall’Occhio, Cece Piccino), cheeses (goat, sheep, ricotta, and Abbucciato Aretino), and honey.

The area is also renowned for its meats (Valdarno chicken, Chianina beef) and cold cuts (Capocollo, Finocchiona, Tuscan Dop ham, Tuscan salami, Soprassata, Tarese del Valdarno). Among the local classics are Mugellano tortelli (filled with potatoes and meat sauce), “all’aretina” (sliced beef), ribollita (a type of soup), pici with wild boar (pasta with wild boar), tripe alla aretina, rabbit with fennel, and pappardelle and Aretine goose.

The local wine of the Colli Aretini is the perfect accompaniment to the meal, which should end with a plate of cantuccini and Vin Santo.

Being in the Tuscan hinterland, the typical dishes of the city of Arezzo refer to meat, particularly Chianina.

Other traditional dishes include pork liver and acquacotta, eggs beaten with onions and tomatoes. Scottiglia is a hearty stew with beef, chicken, guinea fowl, and rabbit. Rabbit in porchetta and grifi, veal snout with tomato, are other typical dishes of Arezzo meat.

Arezzo Cuisine for Food Lovers. Dinner Places: the Best Restaurants

The Arezzo minimalism is the main distinguishing feature of local cuisine. Arezzo chefs pay attention primarily to the taste of dishes, while the aesthetics of the place and the unusual service are not considered of primary importance.

Traditional Tuscan cuisine might seem too simple to some tourists, but lovers of a rustic and authentic lifestyle will appreciate it. Only the freshest and finest products are used to cook the food, chefs carefully control the optimal combination of ingredients to create nutritious and healthy dishes. Every national cuisine restaurant offers homemade food and magnificent Italian wine.

Meat delicacy lovers will appreciate the Florentine steak.

This dish is prepared with prime quality beef. The fresh meat is cooked over the fire with almost no spices and various marinades to preserve the natural taste and aroma. It’s important to remember that in Arezzo, meat and fish are rarely grilled or roasted in the oven: locals prefer to roast them over fire or in a bonfire. Prosciutto crudo is a traditional dish of the region. It’s usually served together with stewed beans as a side dish. Extra virgin olive oil has always played a significant role in national cuisine. Freshly baked bread and olive oil are always present on Italian tables. Tuscan appetizer is another interesting dish recommended for tourists to try. Sliced salami and ham are served with bread and a little olive oil. Among the first courses, locals prefer the first soup. Of course, every restaurant offers traditional Italian pasta and risotto. Vegetarian guests will have the pleasure of trying various salads and vegetable soups that are always on the menu regardless of the season.

If you want to try something truly authentic, order crostino, a dish usually found in small restaurants and cafes. It consists of small appetizers made of slices of bread, olives, sauces, pâté, and fresh vegetables. Locals often start dinner with this appetizer. When it comes to desserts, here Arezzo guests truly have an embarrassment of choice. They can order traditional European sweets or choose to try a truly Italian dessert: a plate of cheeses with schiacciata.

Typical dishes of Arezzo cuisine

Arezzo cuisine is rich in flavors and tradition. Here are some of the typical dishes:

Starters:

• Crostini neri: roasted Tuscan bread soaked in a broth of liver, anchovies, capers, and chicken.
• Tortelli alla lastra: fresh pasta tortelli stuffed with ricotta and chard, baked.
• Pappa al pomodoro: a soup made of stale bread, tomato, basil, and extra virgin olive oil.

First courses:

• Maccheroni aretini: fresh pasta similar to tagliatelle, seasoned with goose sauce.
• Bringoli: hand-pulled spaghetti, dressed with tomato sauce or wild boar ragout.
• Bread soup: soup made of stale bread, vegetables, and beans.

Main courses:

• Scottiglia: stew of mixed meat (beef, chicken, pork, and lamb) with vegetables and tomato.
• Peposo: beef stew with black pepper and red wine.
• Bistecca alla fiorentina: Chianina beef steak, grilled.

Desserts:

• Baldino: sponge cake with chocolate glaze.
• Lattaiolo: milk pudding with amaretti and candied fruits.
• Apple pie: rustic cake with apples, pine nuts, and raisins.

Wine:

• Chianti Classico: red wine DOCG produced in the Chianti area, between Florence and Siena.
• Vino Nobile di Montepulciano: red wine DOCG produced in the Montepulciano area, in the province of Siena.
• Val d’Orcia DOC: red, white, and rosé wine produced in the Val d’Orcia area, in the province of Siena.

In addition to these typical dishes, Arezzo cuisine also offers many other specialties, such as cold cuts, cheeses, mushrooms, and olives.

The Wine Road in Chianti, the Chiantigiana (or simply SR 222), is the road that connects Florence to Siena: one of the most beautiful driving routes in Italy, passing through acres and acres of vineyards producing the famous Chianti Classico DOCG.

Chianti has been one of Italy’s most important wine regions for over three centuries. It was here that the family of the Grand Duke of Tuscany began cultivating the vine in the XVIII and XIX centuries in the region that would become modern Chianti.

The Chiantigiana winds its way with a series of zigzags offering enchanting views of the Tuscan countryside, charming medieval villages, and of course, delightful wines to taste.

For a truly stimulating tour of the Chiantigiana, take the time to visit at least some of the ancient towns along the route and explore the vineyards. Most wineries are open to the public, but be sure to check carefully before visiting to avoid disappointment.

When is the best time to travel the Chianti wine road?

The best time of year to visit Tuscany is during the September grape harvest or just before seeing the Sangiovese vines bend under the weight of ripening grapes, the variety from which Chianti Classico is produced.

Another good reason to go in September is to participate in one of the local festivals celebrating the harvest, such as Vino al Vino, held the third week of September, in the small town of Panzano, where you can taste numerous local wines by the glass.

What to do along the Chiantigiana

• Visit wineries: The Wine Road is home to numerous wineries, where you can taste local wines and learn about the wine production process. Many wineries also offer guided tours of vineyards and production facilities.
• Taste local food: Chianti Classico DOC Vinsanto, a liqueur aged for up to 5 years in small wooden barrels called “caratelli” and produced from Malvasia bianca and Trebbiano grapes; Chianina meat, handmade pasta, and cured meats, including pork, wild boar, and cinta senese pork.
• Explore villages: Characterized by narrow streets, houses with red tile roofs, and ancient churches.
• Go hiking: The Wine Road is a paradise for hiking enthusiasts. There are trails for all levels of difficulty, crossing vineyards, woods, and meadows.
• Visit castles: Along the Wine Road, you’ll find numerous castles, with a small detour towards Arezzo you can also find the Castello di Gargonza with its typical village.
• Go cycling: The Wine Road is a great destination for cycling enthusiasts. There are cycling routes for all levels of difficulty, offering breathtaking views of the hills and vineyards.
• Relax: An ideal place to relax and enjoy the peace and tranquility of the countryside. There are numerous agritourisms and hotels offering a welcoming atmosphere and impeccable service.

How to plan your trip along the Chiantigiana

Here are some tips for planning your trip on the Wine Road:

• Choose the best time to travel: The wine road is beautiful to visit all year round, but the best times are spring and autumn when the weather is mild and the vineyards are in bloom or fruit.
• Book your accommodation in advance: The Chiantigiana is a popular tourist destination, so it’s important to book your accommodation in advance, especially if you’re traveling during peak season. You can take advantage of a unique stay in a castle.
• Rent a car: The best way to explore the Wine Road is by car, if you arrive by train or plane make sure you have a car available to stop where you want and visit the wineries and villages that interest you the most.
• Wear comfortable shoes: If you plan to hike or walk, wear comfortable shoes and layered clothing.
• Bring a camera: The Wine Road is a truly picturesque place, so don’t forget to bring a camera to capture your memories.

The medieval castle, with its imposing walls and hidden passages, encapsulates a myriad of stories within its ancient stones.
When we think of these magnificent structures, stories of knights in shining armor, epic battles, and grand feasts often come to mind.
But amidst all the chivalry and warfare, there was also room for some old-fashioned athletic activities.

The Medieval Tournament: A Display of Skill and Courage

The medieval tournament was a captivating spectacle that showcased the impressive skills and unwavering courage of knights. These events took place in large castles, where participants engaged in various competitions to demonstrate their expertise in combat, horseback riding, and archery.

Organized by noble lords, tournaments attracted large crowds eagerly watching knights clad in sparkling armor as they competed with lances, showcasing their strength and agility. The tournament was not just a display of physical prowess; it also required strategic thinking and quick reflexes. Knights competed in skillful equestrian games, such as jousting, where they aimed to hit a target while riding at high speeds.

These tournaments were not simple competitions; they were also social gatherings that brought people from all walks of life together. Spectators cheered for and applauded their favorite knights, enjoying the spectacle while indulging in delicious food and beverages.

The medieval tournament was a test of skill, valor, and honor. It celebrated the ideals of chivalry and provided entertainment for both participants and spectators.

What Was the Medieval Joust: The Highlight of Every Tournament

The joust was undoubtedly the highlight of every medieval tournament. This iconic competition showcased the courage, skill, and strength of knights as they charged at each other on horseback. The goal was simple: unhorse the opponent with a single blow.

As the crowd held its breath, knights prepared for their moment of glory.
Clad in sparkling armor and adorned with the colors of their house, they mounted their powerful steeds. The tension in the air was palpable as they positioned themselves at opposite ends of the jousting field.

The clash was inevitable, and when it came, it was a sight to behold. Victory belonged to the knight who remained firmly seated in the saddle while the opponent tumbled to the ground – a moment that could define a knight’s reputation and honor.

The joust continued until a knight emerged victorious or until both combatants had exhausted their supply of lances. It was not uncommon for knights to engage in multiple rounds or even participate in team tournaments where several knights competed against each other.

Beyond the Combat: The Splendor and Entertainment of Tournaments

Medieval tournaments were not just about the fights themselves, they were grand spectacles that offered a myriad of entertainment for both participants and spectators. These events were an opportunity for knights to showcase their skills, but they also provided a platform for nobles to display their wealth and power.

Musicians played lively tunes, adding to the festive atmosphere. Colorful banners fluttered in the wind, representing noble houses and knights from every part of the world. The tournament field transformed into a lively market where merchants set up stalls selling all kinds of goods: from jewelry to finely crafted armor, there was something for every taste. Street vendors also offered delights such as roasted meats, cakes, and pastries – somewhat akin to today’s street food.

Entertainers roamed the gardens, captivating the audience with their performances. Jugglers showcased their dexterity by juggling knives or flaming torches. Acrobats amazed spectators with daring somersaults and flips. In addition to these diversions, tournaments often featured mock battles or reenactments of famous historical events. These displays allowed knights to demonstrate their skills in various combat scenarios, providing entertainment for the crowd.

The splendor and glamour extended beyond the tournament field itself. Banquets were held in honor of visiting nobles or victorious knights. These sumptuous feasts showcased the wealth and hospitality of the host, with an abundance of food, wine, and entertainment.

The Role of Tournaments in Medieval Society: Nobility and Common Folk

Medieval tournaments played a significant role in the social fabric of society, both for the nobility and the common people.
For the nobility, tournaments were an opportunity to showcase their wealth, power, and chivalry. Tournaments allowed them to display their heraldic achievements through banners, crests, and heraldry. Moreover, participation in tournaments also provided knights with the chance to form alliances or resolve disputes through combat. It was not uncommon for rivalries between noble houses or individual knights to be settled on the tournament field rather than through open warfare.

The common folk also played a crucial role in medieval tournaments. They served as spectators, contributing to the atmosphere with their applause and cheers. For many peasants and citizens who rarely had access to such grand spectacles, tournaments offered a rare opportunity for entertainment and diversion from their daily lives.

Tournaments often attracted large crowds from the surrounding areas, camping near the tournament fields.
This created a festive atmosphere similar to a fair or festival where people could socialize, exchange goods, and engage in various forms of entertainment.

In some cases, common folk even directly participated in tournaments as combatants or part of the support staff. They could serve as squires, assisting knights with their armor and weapons, or as attendants, ensuring the smooth conduct of the event.

Medieval tournaments continue to captivate our imagination centuries later.
Their timeless allure lies in their ability to transport us back in time to an era full of chivalry, splendor, and epic battles.

Tuscany, a region known for its breathtaking landscapes and rich cultural heritage, is also celebrated for its gastronomic delights that have stood the test of time. From the gentle hills of Chianti to the iconic city of Florence, Tuscan culinary traditions have captivated palates for centuries, enchanting both locals and visitors alike.

As you wander through the picturesque streets of Tuscany, it becomes evident that food is more than nourishment; it is a way of life. Tuscan culinary traditions are deeply rooted in the region’s history, reflecting the simplicity and authenticity that define Tuscan lifestyle. From the philosophy of “from farm to table” to the preservation of centuries-old recipes, locals honor their culinary heritage with unwavering dedication.

One cannot speak of Tuscan cuisine without mentioning the heavenly combination of fresh, high-quality ingredients and exquisite flavors. Tuscan extra virgin olive oil, famous worldwide for its distinctive taste, is the cornerstone of many dishes, adding a golden touch to everything from bruschetta to ribollita. Earthy herbs like rosemary and sage infuse traditional stews and roasted meats with a fragrant aroma that immediately transports you to the heart of Tuscany. And let’s not forget pecorino, a beloved staple in Tuscan kitchens, imparting its sharp and savory notes to pasta dishes and salads.

The “From Farm to Table” Philosophy: Honoring Tuscan Culinary Heritage

The “from farm to table” philosophy lies at the heart of Tuscan culinary traditions, embodying the region’s commitment to using fresh, locally sourced ingredients. The people of this region hold a deep respect for the land and its generosity, honoring their culinary heritage by preserving traditional farming practices.

When you sit down to savor a meal in Tuscany, you can be certain that the ingredients on your plate have been carefully cultivated or raised. Farmers in this region prioritize quality over quantity, focusing on sustainable agricultural methods that protect the environment and ensure the highest level of flavor. From juicy tomatoes full of sweetness to tender cuts of pasture-raised meat, each bite tells a story of dedication and passion.

An iconic example of the “from farm to table” philosophy in Tuscan cuisine is ribollita: a hearty vegetable soup made with leftover bread and seasonal vegetables. This dish originated as a way for farmers to consume stale bread and make the most of their harvest. Today, it has become a beloved dish on Tuscan tables, showcasing the resourcefulness and creativity at the core of this culinary tradition.

Tuscans not only support local farmers but also preserve centuries-old recipes passed down from generation to generation. Each dish tells a story of tradition and connection to the land, allowing visitors to experience Tuscan culture through their taste buds.

Tuscan Extra Virgin Olive Oil: The Golden Elixir of Tuscan Cuisine

No discussion of Tuscan culinary traditions would be complete without mentioning one of its most prized ingredients: extra virgin olive oil. Known as “liquid gold,” Tuscan olive oil is renowned worldwide for its exceptional quality and distinct flavor.

The olive trees dotting the Tuscan landscape have been cultivated for centuries, with some olive groves dating back to Roman times. The region’s unique climate and fertile soil create perfect conditions for olive cultivation, resulting in an oil rich in flavor and low in acidity.

Tuscan olive oil is characterized by its vibrant green color, fruity aroma, and peppery finish. It adds depth and complexity to a wide range of dishes, from simple bruschetta to elaborate pasta sauces. As a finishing touch drizzled on grilled vegetables, a good steak, or a rustic soup, it is perfect for elevating your culinary creations.

When visiting Tuscany, be sure to visit an olive oil mill or participate in a tasting experience to fully appreciate the nuances of this golden elixir. You’ll learn about the various olive varieties used in production, the pressing process, and how to discern the quality of the oil based on its taste and aroma.

Pecorino: The Beloved Staple of Tuscan Cuisine

Pecorino holds a special place in Tuscan culinary tradition. Produced with sheep’s milk, this hard cheese has a distinctive sharpness that adds depth of flavor to many Tuscan dishes.

Throughout history, shepherding has been an integral part of Tuscan agriculture. The abundance of herbs and wild plants in the region contributes to the unique taste of pecorino cheese. As the sheep graze on these aromatic plants, their milk absorbs the flavors, giving rise to a cheese with earthy nuances.

Pecorino is used in various ways in Tuscan cuisine. Grated over pasta dishes like pici or pappardelle, it imparts a salty richness that enhances the overall aromatic profile. It can also be enjoyed on its own, paired with a glass of Tuscan wine and some crusty bread.

When exploring local markets or specialty food shops in Tuscany, be sure to seek out different varieties of pecorino. From young and delicate to aged and crumbly, each type offers a unique tasting experience that showcases the versatility and complexity of this beloved cheese.

Regional Specialties of Chianti

The Chianti region is synonymous with exceptional wine, but it is also home to a variety of culinary delights that reflect the unique terroir of this area. From hearty stews to delicate pastries, Chianti’s regional specialties highlight the diverse flavors and ingredients found in Tuscan cuisine.

An iconic dish of this region is bistecca alla fiorentina, a thick-cut T-bone steak grilled over an open flame. The meat used for this dish comes from locally raised Chianina cattle, known for their tender and flavorful meat. It is simply seasoned with salt, pepper, and olive oil before being cooked to perfection. The result is a juicy steak with a charred exterior that captures the essence of Tuscan cuisine, often accompanied by beans all’uccelletto, roasted potatoes, Tuscan kale, or oven-roasted vegetables.

In addition to savory dishes, Chianti is also known for its sweets. Cantucci are almond biscuits traditionally served alongside Vin Santo, a sweet dessert wine. These crunchy biscuits are perfect for dipping into the amber-colored wine, creating a harmonious balance of flavors.

Exploring Chianti’s regional specialties allows you to immerse yourself in the culinary traditions that have shaped this part of Tuscany. Whether you’re savoring a bowl of ribollita or indulging in a slice of panforte, each bite tells a story of tradition and passion.

Pairing Food with Wine in Tuscany

No journey through Tuscan culinary traditions would be complete without exploring the art of wine pairing. Tuscany is home to some of Italy’s most renowned wines, and the right pairing can elevate your culinary experience to new heights.

When it comes to red wine, Sangiovese takes center stage in Tuscany. This grape thrives in the region’s climate and soil, producing wines with vibrant acidity, balanced tannins, and complex flavors. A glass of Chianti Classico or Brunello di Montalcino pairs beautifully with rich meat dishes like wild boar ragù or roasted lamb.

If you prefer white wine, Vernaccia di San Gimignano is a must-try. This sparkling and refreshing wine is made from Vernaccia grapes grown in the San Gimignano area. Its citrusy notes and mineral undertones make it an excellent companion for fish dishes or fresh salads.